Holland’s 1886 Business Directory - An Introduction

Founded in 1831, Joseph Naper’s settlement prospered and in 1857, Naper became the first president of the newly-formed Village of Naperville. Chicago was also growing rapidly, primarily because of its central location and convenient access to shipping because of Lake Michigan. Easy passage to Chicago was important for Naperville’s continued growth. 

This was a time of major upgrades in transportation. It was considered the Golden Age of Sailing, man-made waterways like the Illinois and Michigan Canal were multiplying, and steam-powered ships were being perfected. Steam power was also being used on land, launching railways across the country. 

In order to get goods to and from Chicago, Naperville businessmen financed a road made of White Oak planks to keep wagons from getting stuck in mud and ruts. So when the railways started coming out this way, protecting their investment compelled them to refuse participation. Instead, the railroad went through Warren and Jesse Wheaton’s land, and Du Page’s first station was built in Winfield in 1859.

Unfortunately, “corduroy” roads had numerous drawbacks, the biggest one being how prone they were to decay. Farmers and travelers much preferred using railway transportation, and Naperville finally welcomed a railroad station of their own in 1864. 

Having access to the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad line prompted accelerated growth for Naperville. The Clarion newspaper started publishing in 1868. North-Western College, now known as North Central, relocated here in 1870. A Sanborn Fire Insurance Map was created for downtown in 1886. And in 1890, the Village of Naperville was incorporated as a city.

During this boom time, the Holland Publishing Company of Chicago decided there was enough economic activity to produce a Business Guide for Naperville. This 1886 book in three parts is a treasure trove of local history, especially of businesses in town. In their own words:

In doing so, we expect it will receive a hearty and welcome reception, and prove of very great value and convenience for every-day reference and in showing in one compact, comprehensive and simply arranged form to outsiders, the many and varied advantages of Naperville.

The publishers assured the little village of about 3000 souls that “we have pursued the same method in producing this, as those for the large cities,” but they also helpfully advise that “numbering the buildings and lots of the village on some approved and systematic plan, say, allowing twenty-two feet for each number,” would be a good idea for a growing town. 

Holland’s Business Guide is great fun to peruse. There are familiar names of the movers and shakers, buildings that still exist and what they used to sell, and wonderful advertisements for a wide variety of products and services. Over the next months, I’ll be sharing much more from the Guide‘s pages.

Naperville Art: A City in Transit

On the southwest corner of the Washington Street and Chicago Avenue intersection is a large mural called “A City in Transit.” Celebrating our city’s “evolution of travel.” it was painted in 1998 by Hector Duarte and Mariah de Forest, two prolific Chicago muralists from the Taller Mesitzarte workshop and gallery.

Folks don’t travel on the DuPage River as much as over it, so a couple of bridges are illustrated. There’s also bit of the Old Plank Road which was originally a Native American trail and now is Ogden Avenue/Route 34.

1865 wooden bridge at Washington Street with 1856 stone bridge on Main Street beyond

Because of investments in the Plank Road, Naperville first refused a railroad before  eventually agreeing. In the mural, the Chicago-to-Denver Zephyr is shown waiting at the station.

Many of the buildings sport signs to help identify them. The Pre-Emption House is one and the Naperville Creamery is another.

Walter Fredenhagen started making Frozen Gold ice cream in the 1930s. With partner Earl Prince, he launched Prince Castle ice cream shops, like the one in the mural, which became the Cock Robin ice cream chain. Fredenhagen Park is now where Naperville’s Cock Robin was located, just steps away on Washington Street.

Other signs name the myriad of garages, gas stations and motor companies that used to be downtown, although that may seem strange to us today. At one time, Jimmy’s Grill was one of several gas stations and there were five different car dealers in the middle of town. Clyde Netzley opened his garage in the 1920s and later operated a Chrysler dealership just across the street from this mural where the River Square shopping center currently is.

Painted high on the wall is the Lima Lima Flight Team whose yellow T-34s were once a common sight for flyovers during parades and other occasions. The club was organized in 1975 by some folks out at the Naper Aero Club whose FAA designator, LL-10, gives them their name. Many of the original Lima Lima pilots have retired or moved away, but the team is still active and flies in airshows across the country.

Walking the Plank in Naperville

Many towns in Illinois have a "Plank Road," including Naperville. But have you ever wondered what a plank road was?

Dirt roads were the norm in Illinois. They were rutted and dusty when dry and muddy bogs when wet, making travel between towns difficult. Grain, mail and passengers needed to be transported via wagon, stagecoach and horse, so in the mid-1800's plank road corporations were formed.

These corporations financed the road-building and collected tolls from the travelers in order to return their investment and hopefully grow wealthy. Joseph Naper, the founder of Naperville, was one such investor, along with a few other local businessmen including George Martin who built the mansion now available for tours at Naper Settlement.

The Southwestern Plank Road ran from Chicago on to Naperville, generally following an old Indian Trail. Today, Ogden Avenue, named after Chicago's first mayor, roughly traces the same route.

Mark Beaubien, who ran a tavern in Chicago before it was Chicago and also served as a lighthouse keeper, moved out to DuPage County and ran a tollbooth and tavern along the old Plank Road. Toll charges were 25 cents for a two-horse team vehicle and 3 cents for each sheep herded down the road. Some say raised borders along the edges kept wagons on the road so they couldn't avoid the tollbooth.

Unfortunately, railroads were also being built during this same time. The Naperville company refused to let rails through town in an effort to preserve their Plank Road investment, but they just couldn't compete. The company lost money and the Plank Road, which had used up the area's white oak population, either rotted or was "repurposed" by farmers.

Beaubien's tavern was moved and is now open to view as one of the museums at Lisle Station Park. On the north side of Ogden at the Lisle/Naperville border is a monument marking what's left of the Beaubien family cemetery.